Yoga through Discerning the Three Divisions of Faith
Verse 17.21
यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः।दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम्।।17.21।।
yat tu pratyupakārārthaṁ phalam uddiśhya vā punaḥ dīyate cha parikliṣhṭaṁ tad dānaṁ rājasaṁ smṛitam
Word Meanings
yat—which; tu—but; prati-upakāra-artham—with the hope of a return; phalam—reward; uddiśhya—expectation; vā—or; punaḥ—again; dīyate—is given; cha—and; parikliṣhṭam—reluctantly; tat—that; dānam—charity; rājasam—in the mode of passion; smṛitam—is said to be
Translation · English
And, that gift which is given with the intention of receiving something in return, or expecting a reward, or begrudgingly, is considered to be Rajasic.
Deep Meaning · English
In this verse, Bhagavan Krishna delineates the psychology of Rajasic (passionate) charity, revealing that true spiritual progress is hindered not just by the act of giving, but by the ego-centric motive behind the gift. Charity, in the Rajasic mode, is stripped of the sanctity of 'Seva' (selfless service) and transformed into a transaction. Whether it is performed with the expectation of a reciprocal favor or the anticipation of a future reward, it anchors the giver in the world of exchange rather than the realm of grace. This is the hallmark of a consciousness that views the world as a marketplace, where every action is a calculated investment designed to bolster the ego or secure worldly advantage. Furthermore, Krishna identifies 'parikliṣhṭam'—the reluctance or mental anguish that accompanies such giving—as a symptom of an attachment to one's resources. When the heart is not truly open, the act of giving becomes a source of internal conflict, a tug-of-war between the desire for social prestige and the miserly attachment to the object being relinquished. In the Advaita framework, this reflects a lack of 'atmadrishti' or the vision of the Self in all; one gives not to recognize the Divine in the recipient, but to validate the 'I' as a separate, powerful benefactor. True charity is an expansion of the Self; Rajasic charity is merely a projection of the limited, demanding ego.
Charity loses its transformative spiritual potency when it becomes a transactional tool for social leverage or is offered with a divided, reluctant heart.
Connected Verses
It highlights the Rajasic agent, who is attached to the fruits of action and driven by the desire for pleasure or profit, paralleling the motive described in 17.21.
It acts as the necessary contrast, defining Sattvic charity as giving without expectation, the ideal to which the seeker must aspire.
This captures the mindset of the ego-driven individual who believes 'I am the enjoyer and the giver,' which is the root psychological cause of Rajasic charity.
This verse reinforces the necessity of renouncing the fruits of action, which is the foundational remedy for the Rajasic tendency of seeking returns.
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